| SSRIs and Tamoxifen |
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SSRIs and Tamoxifen: An Important Update on Concern About SSRIs and Breast Cancer Mortality February 2010 On June 19th, 2009, a communication was sent expressing concern about the potential drug-drug interactions between tamoxifen and SSRIs that were inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6). Tamoxifen is a prodrug that is metabolized to its active forms by the hepatic cytochrome system, predominantly by CYP2D6. Thus, drugs that are potent inhibitors of CYP2D6 should be avoided when possible. Among the SSRIs, we referenced that citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro) were weak inhibitors of CYP2D6 and thus might be preferred over more potent SSRI inhibitors of this isoenzyme when an SSRI is needed. The overall issue of tamoxifen and SSRI interaction is clinically important, as approximately 25-30% of breast cancer survivors experience a depressive disorder. A current online BMJ publication (attached), utilizing large Ontario (Canada) databases, points towards paroxetine (Paxil) as the SSRI that was most strongly associated with an increased risk of death from breast cancer in patients who had completed their tamoxifen courses. This amounted to approximately one additional breast cancer death within five years of cessation of tamoxifen for every 20 patients treated; the greater the degree of time of overlap of paroxetine with the tamoxifen, the greater the risk. Of note, paroxetine is an exceptionally potent inhibitor of CYP2D6 and creates irreversible loss of enzyme activity until new CYP2D6 is synthesized. The authors adjusted for non-SSRI CYP2D6 inhibiting drugs (bupropion, quinidine, thioridazine, amiodarone, cimetidine and chloroquine). In this BMJ article, other SSRI (or SNRI) antidepressant meds that were studied included fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), fluvoxamine (Luvox), citalopram (Celexa) and venlafaxine (Effexor) . While it had no statistical association with breast cancer mortality, fluoxetine is also a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor (as is bupropion {Wellbutrin}), and sertraline is a moderate inhibitor. The study results not demonstrating statistical association of these particular SSRIs (as well as bupropion) with breast cancer mortality may well be due to small sample size and other confounding factors and should not be considered the final word about risk. Furthermore, because of the unpredictability of the distribution of genetic polymorphisms in patients being treated, at this time we suggest that you consider alternatives to SSRIs with even moderate CYP2D6 inhibition. Attached is a list of CYP2D6 inhibitors including, but not limited to, antidepressants that you should consider when prescribing medications to patients on tamoxifen. As more is learned about tamoxifen and SSRI drug interactions, we will attempt to inform you. Sincerely, |
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